Operator

 Description

 Example

 +

 Concatenation of two string

 a + b will give HelloPython

 not in 

 Returns true if character exist in given String

 M not in a will give 1

 *

 Repetition – Creates new strings, concatenating multiple copies of the same string

 a*2 will give -CodeCode

 in

 Returns true if a character exists in given string

 C in a will give 1

 %

 Format – Performs String formatting

 See at next section

 [ : ]

 Returns character in given range

 a[1:4] will give ode

 []

 Slice – Gives the character from the given index range

 a[1] will give o

Format Symbol

Conversion

 %c

 character 

 %s

 string conversion via str() prior to formatting

 %i

 signed decimal integer

 %d

 signed decimal integer

 %u

 unsigned decimal integer

 %o

 octal integer

 %x

 hexadecimal integer (lowercase letters)

 %X

 hexadecimal integer (UPPERcase letters)

 %e

 exponential notation (with lowercase 'e')

 %E

 exponential notation (with UPPERcase 'E')

 %f

 floating point real number

 %g

 the shorter of %f and %e

 %G

 the shorter of %f and %E

Python String Methods

Example

capitalize() – Returns the string with first letter capitalized and the rest lowercased.

string = “codepumpkin is awesome."

capitalized_string = string.capitalize()

print('Old String: ', string)

print('Capitalized String:', capitalized_string)

Output:

Old String:  codepumpkin is awesome.

Capitalized String: Codepumpkin is awesome.

casefold() – Returns a lowercase string, generally used for caseless matching. This is more aggressive than the lower() method.

string = "CODEPUMPKIN IS AWESOME"

# print lowercase string

print("Lowercase string:", string.casefold())

Output:

Lowercase string: codepumpkin is awesome

center() – Center the string within the specified width with optional fill character.

string = "Codepumpkin is awesome"

new_string = string.center(24, *)

print("Centered String: ", new_string)

Output:

Centered String:    ***Codepumpkin is awesome****

count() – Count the non-overlapping occurrence of supplied substring in the string.

# define string

string = "Codepumpkin is awesome, isn't it?"

substring = "i"

count = string.count(substring, 9, 24)

print("The count is:", count)

Output:

The count is: 1

encode() – Return the encoded version of the string as a bytes object.

# unicode string

string = 'cödepumpkin!'

print('The string is:', string)

# default encoding to utf-8

string_utf = string.encode()

print('The encoded version is:', string_utf)

Outout:

The string is: pythön!

The encoded version is: b’c\xc3\xb6depumpkin!’

endswith() – Returns ture if the string ends with the supplied substring.

text = "Python is easy to learn."

result = text.endswith('to learn')

# returns False

print(result)

result = text.endswith('to learn.')

# returns True

print(result)

expandtabs() – Return a string where all the tab characters are replaced by the supplied number of spaces.

str = 'xyz\t12345\tabc'

# no argument is passed

# default tabsize is 8

result = str.expandtabs()

print(result)

Output:

xyz     12345   abc

find() – Return the index of the first occurrence of supplied substring in the string. Return -1 if not found.

quote = 'Let it be, let it be, let it be'

result = quote.find('let it')

print("Substring 'let it':", result)

Output:

Substring 'let it': 11

format() – Format the given string.

# default arguments

print("Hello {}, your balance is {}.".format("Adam", 230.2346))

Output:

Hello Adam, your balance is 230.2346.

format_map() – Format the given string.

point = {'x':4,'y':-5}

print('{x} {y}’.format_map(point))

Output:

4 -5

index() – Return the index of the first occurrence of supplied substring in the string. Raise ValueError if not found.

sentence = 'Python programming is fun.'

result = sentence.index('is fun')

print("Substring 'is fun':", result)

Output:

Substring 'is fun': 19

isalnum() – Return true if the string is non-empty and all characters are alphanumeric.

All this boolean method returns true or false

isalpha() – Return true if the string is non-empty and all characters are alphabetic.

isdecimal() – Return true if the string is non-empty and all characters are decimal characters.

isdigit() – Return true if the string is non-empty and all characters are digits.

isidentifier() – Return true if the string is a valid identifier.

islower() – Return true if the string has all lowercased characters and at least one is cased character.

isnumeric() – Return true if the string is non-empty and all characters are numeric.

isprintable() – Return true if the string is empty or all characters are printable.

isspace() – Return true if the string is non-empty and all characters are whitespaces.

istitle() – Return true if the string is non-empty and titlecased.

isupper() – Return true if the string has all uppercased characters and at least one is cased character.

join() – Concatenate strings in the provided iterable with separator between them being the string providing this method.

numList = [‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’, ‘4’]

seperator = ', '

print(seperator.join(numList))

Output:

1, 2, 3, 4

ljust() – Left justify the string in the provided width with optional fill characters.

string.ljust(width[, fillchar])

lower() – Return a copy of all lowercased string.

string.lower()

lstrip() – Return a string with provided leading characters removed.

string.lstrip([chars])

maketrans() – Return a translation table.

string.maketrans(x[, y[, z]])

partition() – Partition the string at first occurrence of substring (separator) and return a 3-tuple with part before separator, the separator and part after separator.

string.partition(separator)

replace() – Replace all old substrings with new substrings.

str.replace(old, new [, count])

rfind() – Return the index of the last occurrence of supplied substring in the string. Return -1 if not found.

str.rfind(sub[, start[, end]] )

rindex() – Return the index of the last occurrence of supplied substring in the string. Raise ValueError if not found.

str.rindex(sub[, start[, end]] )

split() – Return a list of words delimited by the provided subtring. If maximum number of split is specified, it is done from the left.

str.split([separator [, maxsplit]])

splitlines() – Return a list of lines in the string.

str.splitlines([keepends])

startswith() – Return true if the string starts with the provided substring.

str.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]])

strip() – Return a string with provided leading and trailing characters removed.

string.strip([chars])

swapcase() – Return a string with lowercase characters converted to uppercase and vice versa.

string.swapcase()

title() – Return a title (first character of each word capitalized, others lowercased) cased string.

str.title()

translate() – Return a copy of string that has been mapped according to the provided map.

string.translate(table)

upper() – Return a copy of all uppercased string.

string.upper()

zfill() – Return a numeric string left filled with zeros in the provided width.

str.zfill(width)